Copyright and Licensing
Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research (SMEOR) supports the broad dissemination, accessibility, and reuse of scholarly research while ensuring that authors and users clearly understand the copyright and licensing conditions applicable to published articles.
Copyright Ownership
Authors retain copyright in articles published in SMEOR and grant the journal the right of first publication.
Publication in SMEOR does not require authors to transfer copyright ownership to the Editor-in-Chief, Editors, Editorial Board, or Publisher.
By publishing an article in SMEOR, authors authorize the journal and Publisher to publish, disseminate, preserve, archive, index, and make the Version of Record available in accordance with the journal's open-access and licensing policies.
Creative Commons License
All articles published in SMEOR are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Under the CC BY 4.0 License, users may:
- copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
- share and distribute the published material;
- remix, transform, and adapt the material;
- build upon the material; and
- use the material for any lawful purpose, including commercial purposes.
These permissions apply provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), the source of publication is appropriately identified, a link to the CC BY 4.0 License is provided, and any changes made to the original material are indicated.
Attribution must not be presented in a manner that suggests that the original author(s), SMEOR, its Editors, or Publisher endorse a particular user, organization, product, modification, or use of the material unless such endorsement has been expressly provided.
Further information concerning the journal's open-access model and the availability and reuse of published articles is provided in the Open Access Policy.
Third-Party Material
The CC BY 4.0 License applicable to an SMEOR article does not automatically apply to third-party material included in that article where a credit line, copyright notice, or other indication specifies different rights or licensing conditions.
Authors are responsible for determining whether third-party material included in their manuscript may lawfully be reproduced, adapted, or otherwise used. Where the intended use is not permitted by the material's existing license, applicable law, or another relevant legal exception, authors must obtain permission from the appropriate rights holder before publication.
Third-party material may include, but is not limited to:
- figures, photographs, illustrations, maps, diagrams, and other visual material;
- tables, charts, schemes, and graphical material;
- substantial extracts of copyrighted text;
- material previously published by the authors where they do not retain the rights necessary for the intended reuse; and
- other copyrighted material for which the authors do not hold the rights necessary for publication under the intended conditions.
Additional requirements concerning the protection and appropriate use of intellectual property are provided in the journal's Protecting Intellectual Property policy.
Adaptation and Reuse of Existing Material
Merely modifying, redrawing, translating, or adapting previously published material does not necessarily eliminate the rights associated with the original work. Authors must determine whether the proposed adaptation requires permission and must appropriately acknowledge the original source.
Independently created tables, figures, graphs, schemes, or other materials based on lawfully reusable underlying data or information may normally be included without obtaining permission for the independently created presentation, provided that protected elements of another work are not reproduced and the original data or information sources are appropriately cited.
Short quotations or other limited uses of copyrighted material may not require separate permission where the use is permitted under an applicable license, copyright exception, or other applicable law. Appropriate attribution and citation are nevertheless required.
Obtaining Permission
Authors should identify potential copyright and licensing issues before submitting the final version of their manuscript and should obtain any necessary permissions sufficiently early to avoid delays in publication.
Where permission is required, authors are responsible for obtaining authorization that covers the intended publication and distribution of the material as part of an open-access article.
The Editorial Office may request evidence of permission or information concerning the licensing status of third-party material before publication. Material for which the necessary rights cannot be established may be required to be removed or replaced.
Credit Lines
Third-party material should be accompanied by an appropriate acknowledgement or credit line where required by the rights holder, applicable license, or source.
Where a rights holder specifies a particular form of acknowledgement, authors should follow those requirements. Otherwise, the credit line should clearly identify the original source and indicate, where applicable, that the material has been reproduced or adapted with permission.
Author Reuse and Self-Archiving
Because authors retain copyright and articles are published under CC BY 4.0, authors may reuse, distribute, archive, and otherwise disseminate their published work in accordance with the terms of that license.
Detailed requirements concerning the deposit of submitted, accepted, and published versions are provided in the journal's Self-archiving Policy.
Long-term preservation of published content is addressed separately in the journal's Archiving Digital Version policy.
Copyright and Publication Ethics
Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submissions do not unlawfully infringe copyright or other intellectual property rights. Appropriate acknowledgement and citation do not automatically replace the need to obtain permission where permission is legally required.
Unauthorized reproduction, inappropriate attribution, plagiarism, or other misuse of protected material may also be considered under the journal's Plagiarism Policy and, where appropriate, its Unethical Behaviour policy.
Where a copyright or intellectual property concern affects an article that has already been published, any formal action affecting the scholarly record will be considered in accordance with the journal's Retraction and Correction Policies.
Rights and Licensing Enquiries
Questions concerning copyright, licensing, permissions, or the use of material published in SMEOR may be directed to the Editorial Office.

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